| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Containers Bark sheets used to make cases for storing whale harpoon heads. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Containers Wood used to make storage boxes. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make bowls, cooking boxes and spreading sticks to prevent dried fish from curling up. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Decorations Bark used for mask adornments. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Green boughs used to catch herring spawn. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used for the slats or poles of fish weirs, gaff sticks and to make arrow shafts. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Young limbs twisted and used as basket traps for fish. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of boughs used to soak painful joints from arthritis and rheumatism. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Weak infusion of boughs taken for painful joints from arthritis and rheumatism. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of boughs and three plants used for washing the skin and hair during sweatbathing. The three plants were Douglas fir boughs, rose branches and often a small quantity of stinging nettle. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of boughs used as a hair wash for dandruff and scalp 'germs.' Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Poison Infusion of boughs considered toxic in large doses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Tonic Decoction of boughs and three plants taken as a sweathouse tonic. The three plants were Douglas fir boughs, rose branches and often a small quantity of stinging nettle. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Tonic Weak infusion of boughs taken as a sweathouse tonic. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Basketry Bark used for weaving rough baskets. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Basketry Split roots used to make a high quality, coiled, watertight and strong basket. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Boughs used to scrub the skin in the sweathouse. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Building Material Bark used to make a covering for sweathouse frames and insulation for tule tipis. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Building Material Bark used to make a raised storage cache. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Building Material Logs used to make A-frame shelters and to cover the rafters of an underground house. The logs were burned into six meter lengths and boards split off with horn wedges. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make canoes, frames for birchbark canoes and paddles. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Bark used, when tule not available, for weaving mats. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Ceremonial Items Boughs used in church on Palm Sunday. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Ceremonial Items Infusion of cedar, fir & rose branches of equal size used as bathing water for sweathouse ritual. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows and arrows and dipnet frames. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Musical Instrument Wood used to make drum hoops. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagon Fiber, Clothing Inner bark and stems used to make clothing. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagon Fiber, Cordage Inner bark and stems used to make rope and twine. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagon Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Inner bark and stems used to make mats and blankets. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagon Fiber, Sewing Material Inner bark and stems used to make thread. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagon Other, Containers Inner bark and stems used to make bags. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Wood made into shamanistic soul catchers to use in ritual healing. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Basketry Fibrous tissue used to make baskets. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Basketry Inner bark and roots used to make baskets. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Basketry Inner bark used to make baskets. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Building Material Wood used for construction. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Canoe Material Fibrous tissue used to make canoe bailers. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Canoe Material Inner bark used to make canoe bailers. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Canoe Material Inner bark used to make sails for canoes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make dugout canoes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Clothing Fibrous tissue used to make napkins and clothing. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Clothing Inner bark used to make dance costumes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Clothing Inner bark used to make women's aprons, conical rain capes and napkins. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Clothing Wood used to make hoops worn by dancers as part of their costumes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Cordage Inner bark made into cordage and used as lanyards or lines and to secure boxes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Fibrous tissue used for weaving mats and screens. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Other, Ceremonial Items Bark used to make neck, wrist and ankle rings worn by dancers. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Other, Ceremonial Items Fibrous tissue used to make ceremonial head, neck, ankle and wrist rings. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Other, Ceremonial Items Inner bark used to make head rings worn by dancers. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Other, Ceremonial Items Inner bark woven into dance screens. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66 |